Kyoto: An All‑in‑One Guide for International Visitors

Kyoto (京都) is a prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan known for its rich history, culture, and natural beauty. As the former imperial capital for over 1,000 years, it holds a central place in Japan’s cultural and historical identity, and is one of the country’s most significant cultural and historical hubs.

Today, Kyoto is renowned for its well-preserved traditional architecture, temples, shrines, and gardens, making it a popular destination for both domestic and international tourists.

This is a comprehensive guide of Kyoto, covering a wide array of information relevant to travellers, including must-visit temples and shrines, hidden gems, tours, activities, and essential travel tips such as dining, accommodation, transportation and the best time to visit.

For information about things to do in Kyoto, please read our Kyoto Bucket List.

1. Essential Information in Kyoto

Quick Overview

Here is a brief introduction to Kyoto, highlighting key aspects for travellers.

• Capital: Kyoto City
• Region: Kansai
• Population: 2.5 million
• UNESCO World Heritage Sites: 17 (including Kinkaku-ji, Kiyomizu-dera, Ginkaku-ji and Nijo Castle)
• Best Times to Visit: March-May (spring) and October-November (autumn)
• Climate: Four distinct seasons with hot summers and cold winters

Climate and Best Time to Visit

Kyoto has four distinct seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter), and the best time to visit Kyoto depends on what kind of experience you’re looking for, as the city is beautiful year-round, each season offering something special.

• Spring (March-May)
  Spring in Kyoto is mild and comfortable, with daytime temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C, making it perfect for walking around and exploring the city’s many outdoor attractions, including cherry blossom viewing and spring festivals.
• Summer (June-August)
  Summer can be hot and humid in Kyoto. Early summer is part of Japan’s rainy season, and temperatures could reach 30°C or higher, especially in July and August. It’s also a season for festivals in Kyoto, such fireworks festivals and traditional events.
• Autumn (September-November)
  Autumn is another peak season, known for vibrant red and orange autumn leaves. The weather in autumn is crisp and cool, with daytime temperatures typically ranging from 10°C to 20°C, which is perfect for exploring Kyoto’s outdoor attractions.
• Winter (December-February)
  Winter temperatures in Kyoto typically range from 0°C to 10°C during the day. Snowfall is rare, but when it snows, the city’s temples, shrines, and gardens take on a completely different, stunning atmosphere with a dusting of snow.

2. Kyoto History

Kyoto holds immense historical significance as the former capital of Japan for over a thousand years, and this has left behind a wealth of cultural treasures, temples, shrines, and architectural styles that continue to define the city today.

Here are some key aspects of Kyoto’s historical significance:

• Imperial capital (794–1868)
  Kyoto was established as the capital of Japan in 794 during the Heian period until the capital was moved to Edo (modern Tokyo) in 1868, and served as the center of Japanese culture, politics, and religion.
• Center of Japanese Buddhism
  Kyoto is a center of Buddhism, with some of the oldest and most significant Buddhist temples in Japan. Kōbō Daishi (also known as Kūkai), the founder of Shingon Buddhism, established the Shingon school at To-ji Temple in Kyoto, which played an important role in the spread of Esoteric Buddhism.
• Architectural Heritage: Temples, Shrines, and Gardens
  Kyoto is renowned for its historical architecture, many of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The collection of 17 sites includes famous landmarks like Kinkaku-ji, Kiyomizu-dera, Tenryu-ji, and Nijo Castle, among others.
• Traditional Arts
  Kyoto is a hub for arts, crafts, and traditional performances, music, calligraphy, and traditional crafts like kimono and Nihon-ga (Japanese painting) continuing to thrive.

3. Getting Around

Getting to Kyoto

• Shinkansen (Bullet Train)
  The most convenient and quickest way to get to Kyoto from Tokyo, as well as from other parts of Japan.
• Highway Bus
  A cheaper alternative to the Shinkansen, though they take much longer.
• Airplane
  The closest airport to Kyoto is Osaka Itami Airport, which is about an hour away by bus or train from Kyoto.

Public Transportation

• Kyoto City Bus
  The extensive bus system covers many of the city’s key tourist spots. It’s a convenient way to reach locations that are not directly served by the subway or train.
• Kyoto Subway
  Kyoto has a subway system with two main lines: the Karasuma Line (north-south) and the Tozai Line (east-west). It’s a fast and efficient way to get around central Kyoto.
• JR Trains
  JR West operates the Kyoto Line, Sagano Line, Nara Line and Biwako Line which are useful when you’re traveling from the Kyoto Station to areas like Arashiyama and Fushimi Inari, and other cities like Osaka, Nara, and beyond.

Transportation Passes

• Kyoto City Bus & Subway One-Day Pass:
  This pass offers unlimited rides on both the Kyoto City Buses and the Kyoto Subway for one day.
• ICOCA Card:
  A rechargeable smartcard that can be used on most public transportation systems (subways, buses, JR trains) in Kyoto and the broader Kansai region.

For more information about how to move around Kyoto, please check our Kyoto Transportation Guide.

4. Kyoto District Guide

Kyoto is divided into several districts or areas, each offering something unique to visitors.

Here’s an overview of the main districts in Kyoto:

Central Kyoto

This district is the heart of Kyoto, home to both modern conveniences and historic sites. It’s where you’ll find many shops, restaurants, hotels, and cultural landmarks, especially around city’s main transport hub Kyoto Station.

Must-See: Nishiki Market, Pontocho Alley, Nijo Castle, Imperial Palace, Kyoto Tower, Kyoto Manga Museum

Gion

Known as the geisha quarter, Gion is one of Kyoto’s most historic and iconic areas. It’s filled with traditional wooden houses, tea houses, and narrow lanes that transport visitors to a different time.

Must-See: Yasaka Shrine, Hanamikoji Street, Shijo Street, Maruyama Park, Teahouses

Higashiyama District

This district is known for its beautiful temples, old streets, and traditional Kyoto atmosphere. It’s the perfect place for walking tours, with its old streets and historic sites.

Must-See: Kiyomizu-dera, Ginkakuji, Kodaiji Temple, Yasaka Pagoda, Yasaka Koshindo Temple, Ninenzaka and Sannenzaka Streets

Arashiyama Area

Located to the west of Kyoto, Arashiyama is a scenic district famous for its natural beauty, Bamboo Grove, and mountain views. It’s perfect for a more tranquil and nature-oriented experience.

Must-See: Togetsukyo Bridge, Bamboo Grove, Tenryu-ji, Iwatayama Monkey Park 

For more things to do in the Arashiyama area, check out our list of the Best things to do in Kyoto Arashiyama and Sagano.

5. Kyoto Top Attractions

Most-Visited Historic Sites

• Kinkaku-ji (金閣寺)
  Iconic Zen Buddhist temple with stunning golden architecture, also known as Golden Pavilion. The temple’s top two floors are covered in gold leaf, reflecting its name. It sits beside a serene pond, creating a picturesque scene, especially during the changing seasons. The temple is located in Kita District in northern Kyoto, open from 9:00 to 17:00 with an admission fee of 500 yen.
• Fushimi Inari Taisha (伏見稲荷大社)
  Famous for its thousands of vermilion torii gates called Senbon Torii, Fushimi Inari Taisha is one of the most iconic and photographed sites in Japan. The shrine is dedicated to Inari, the Shinto god of rice, agriculture, and prosperity. It’s located in southern Kyoto, Fushimi District. Admission is free and always open.
• Kiyomizu-dera (清水寺)
  Founded in 780, Kiyomizu-dera is a Buddhist temple renowned for its stunning architecture, rich history, and breathtaking views. The temple’s wooden terrace offers a spectacular view of the city, especially during the spring and autumn when the surrounding trees are either in bloom or ablaze with fall foliage. Situated in Higashiyama District. Open from 6:00 to 18:00 and entrance costs 400 yen.

Hidden Gems

• Kifune Shrine (貴船神社)
  Nestled in the mountains of Kifune in northern Kyoto, this shrine is located along a beautiful river and surrounded by lush forests. A lantern lined stone pathway leads up to the main shrine.
• Enrian Temple (厭離庵)
  Small, peaceful temple located in the Sagano area, renowned for its vibrant autumn colors with striking red maples, making it a popular spot for photographers. It is only open to the public during autumn, so it’s a great destination for those seeking a tranquil experience compared to other temples in Kyoto.
• Otagi Nenbutsu-ji (愛宕念仏寺)
  Unique and fascinating temple located in the Arashiyama area. This lesser-known temple offers a tranquil and somewhat quirky experience, with its distinctive collection of over 1,200 stone statues that have earned it a reputation as one of Kyoto’s hidden gems.

For more hidden gems, check out our list of Off the Beaten Path Destinations in Kyoto.

Night Activities

• Pontocho Alley
  Narrow, atmospheric street filled with restaurants, bars, and traditional tea houses. The alley is lively at night, with lanterns casting a warm glow, making it an ideal place for an authentic dinner experience.
• Illumination Events
  Some historic sites in Kyoto, such as Kiyomizu-dera and Shoren-in, host special nighttime events, particularly during cherry blossoms and autumn leaves seasons, offering a completely different atmosphere compared to daytime visits.
• Kyoto Tower
  The tower is beautifully illuminated at night, offering a spectacular panoramic view of Kyoto’s city lights and surrounding areas from the observation deck. *check out other observatory decks in our list of the Best Observatories in Kyoto.

Traditional Experiences and Cultural Activities

• Tea Ceremony
  The practice of preparing, serving, and drinking tea is an art form that promotes mindfulness, aesthetics, and respect. Many tea houses in the city offer tea ceremony experiences.
• Geisha Experience
  Kyoto’s Geisha culture has been preserved and celebrated in the city’s traditional districts. Gion is the most famous and historic Geisha district in Kyoto, and home to many traditional teahouses where Geisha and Maiko entertain guests. Consider booking a cultural performance or a private session to learn about Kyoto’s geisha culture.
• Kimono Rental
  Wearing a kimono is an iconic experience in Kyoto. Many rental shops around the city allow you to wear traditional kimonos, and you can stroll through historic districts and take photos with preserved traditional architecture and iconic landmarks.

• Cooking Classes & Food Tours
  As a culinary haven, the city offers a range of food experiences, such as learning how to cook traditional dishes and exploring the local food scene. Food-related activities like cooking class, bar-hopping tour and sake brewery tour allow you to dive into Kyoto’s unique food culture.

For more information about unique experiences in Kyoto, please read our Best Things to Do in Kyoto apart from Temples and Shrines.

6. Shopping

Kyoto is a fantastic destination for shopping, offering a perfect mix of traditional crafts, modern fashion, and unique souvenirs. From high-end boutiques to local food products, Kyoto has something for everyone.

What to Buy

• Yatsuhashi
  A famous Kyoto sweet made from rice flour sugar and cinnamon. Besides a regular baked version which is a crispy cracker, there is a raw version (nama yatsuhashi) with a soft and chewy texture. Both come in a variety of different flavours including matcha.
• Matcha Products
  Kyoto is renowned for its high-quality matcha, and you can bring home powdered matcha, matcha sweets, or matcha-flavored products like chocolates, cookies, and even cosmetics.
• Traditional Handicrafts
  Kyoto’s traditional craftsmanship has been honed over centuries. Many of these traditional handicrafts are excellent souvenirs or gifts, such as Kiyomizu-yaki pottery, Nishijin-ori textiles, lacquerware and paper.

Where to Shop

• Nishiki Market
  Known as “Kyoto’s Kitchen,” this lively market is famous for its fresh food, from pickles and sweets to seafood. It’s a great spot for unique culinary gifts, local specialties and matcha-flavored sweets.
• Shijo Kawaramachi
  This is the main shopping district in Kyoto, bustling with department stores, boutiques, and international brands. Popular department stores like Takashimaya and Daimaru are here, offering both high-end and affordable options.
• Kyoto Handicraft Center
  For those looking to take home a piece of authentic Kyoto craftsmanship, this center has a variety of local goods such as Traditional Kyoto crafts, textiles, woodwork, and jewelry

For more information about places to shop in Kyoto, please read our Kyoto Shopping Guide.

7. Food and Dining in Kyoto

Kyoto offers an array of food experiences, from Michelin starred dining and wagyu beef teppanyaki to casual ramen and conveyorbelt sushi.

Here are some of the most notable types of cuisine and dining experiences in Kyoto:

Local Specialties

• Kaiseki Meal (懐石料理): Traditional Japanese meal typically consisting of multiple courses served in a particular order, highlighting seasonal ingredients.
• Yudofu (湯豆腐): Smooth and delicate textured tofu simmered in a light broth, often served with dipping sauces and various sides like vegetables and pickles.
• Kyo-Yasai (京野菜): Kyoto’s local vegetables, such as kamo-nasu (a type of eggplant), shishito peppers, Kyo-daikon (Kyoto radish), and spinach, which are used in many dishes, especially featured in kaiseki meals.
• Matcha (抹茶): Kyoto renowned for its high-quality matcha and matcha-flavored desserts such as matcha ice cream, matcha cakes, matcha parfait.

Michelin Starred Kaiseki Restaurants

• Kikunoi: Known for exceptional multi-course kaiseki meals, seasonal ingredients, and meticulous attention to detail
• Hyotei: With a history spanning over 400 years, widely regarded as one of the finest examples of traditional Kyoto dining
• Mizai: Offering a luxurious and intimate modern kaiseki experience that focuses on seasonal, locally-sourced ingredients.

Modern Dining

• Bistro n/n: Modern bistro-style French restaurant that combines classic French techniques with Japanese influences
• Kobe Beef Steak Mouriya Gion: High-end teppanyaki dining, offering a luxurious and unforgettable wagyu beef experience
• La Locanda: Fine Italian restaurant, offering a blend of traditional Italian cuisine and local Japanese ingredients

Casual Options

• Musashi Sushi: Conveyor belt sushi restaurant, offering affordable yet high-quality sushi in a casual setting
• Menbakaichidai: Famous ramen restaurant known for its unique, dramatic presentation of flaming ramen
• Okonomiyaki Katsu: Specializing in okonomiyaki, a Japanese savory pancake made with a variety of ingredients and cooked on a griddle

8. Kyoto Seasonal Highlights

Spring (March to May)

• Cherry Blossoms
  Spring in Kyoto is an enchanting time, particularly because of the cherry blossoms (sakura) that bloom across the city. The best time to visit iconic cherry blossom viewing spots in Kyoto, including Maruyama Park, Philosopher’s Path, Nijo Castle and Haradani-en Garden, is typically late March to mid-April, yet the exact timing of the bloom can vary slightly each year depending on the weather.
• Festivals and Events
  Several notable events take place in Kyoto during spring, including cherry blossom festivals, light-ups and cultural performances as well as Aoi Matsuri, one of three major festivals in Kyoto, with a procession of 500 people in traditional costumes of Heian nobles.

Summer (June-August)

• Gion Festival
  The Gion Matsuri is one of Kyoto’s most famous and grandest festivals, held every year in July. The festival is known for its elaborate traditional floats, vibrant parades, and lively evening festivities. It is a must-see cultural event for anyone visiting Kyoto in the summer. The event spans the entire month of July, but the main parades and processions take place on 17 and 24 July.
• Kawayuka
  A traditional outdoor dining experience in Kyoto, typically held during the summer months, when restaurants set up dining platforms along the river, such as in Kamo River in central Kyoto and Kifune River around Kifune Shrine.

Autumn (September to November)

• Autumn Leaves
  Kyoto’s autumn colors (koyo) are truly spectacular, with vibrant shades of red, orange, and gold blanketing the city’s temples, gardens, and parks. The peak time for autumn colors in Kyoto is typically from mid-November to early December. The popular koyo spots like Tofuku-ji Temple, Eikando Temple, Kiyomizu-dera and the Arashiyama area tend to be crowded during the peak season.
• Festivals and Events: Jidai Matsuri celebrates Kyoto’s history with a parade of people dressed in historical costumes representing different periods of Japan’s history. Autumn leaves night illuminations can be seen at several temples.

Winter (December-February)

• Festivals and Events: Kyoto offers a range of unique events and experiences during the winter months, such as winter illuminations, Christmas markets, New Year celebrations and Hatsumode.
• Fewer Crowds: Winter is the least crowded season, compared to the peak seasons of spring (cherry blossom) and autumn (autumn foliage). This means you can enjoy a more peaceful experience at famous temples, shrines, and gardens without the large crowds.

For a more in-depth guide to when to visit Kyoto, please check our When is the Best Time to Visit Kyoto?.

9. Accommodation in Kyoto

Kyoto offers a variety of accommodation options, ranging from traditional ryokan inns to modern hotels.

Here are a few types of accommodations you might consider based on your preferences:

Luxury Ryokan

• Tawaraya: Traditional luxury inns renowned for its exceptional service, historic charm, and luxurious atmosphere
• Hiiragiya: One of Kyoto’s oldest ryokan, offering luxury and traditional Japanese hospitality
• Hoshinoya: Modern ryokan, offering a refined and tranquil stay along the scenic river in the Arashiyama district

Mid-Range Hotels

• Mitsui Garden Hotel Kyoto Station: Modern, stylish hotel located conveniently near Kyoto Station
• The Royal Park: Stylish and comfortable hotel located in the Sanjo area, which is a vibrant and central district of Kyoto
• Hotel Granvia: Located inside Kyoto Station, this luxurious hotel offers convenience and comfort

Budget Options

• Guest House Oumi: Affordable, traditional accommodation situated in the popular Higashiyama district
• Len Kyoto: Designer hostel located near Kyoto Station, offering a comfortable and unique stay in the heart of Kyoto
• Piece Hostel: Popular budget-friendly accommodation with its clean, modern design and sociable atmosphere

Temple Stay

• Shunko-in Temple: Zen Buddhist temple in northern Kyoto, offering unique experiences to visitors, including the option to stay overnight and participate in traditional temple activities.

For more information about accommodation in Kyoto, please check our Best Hotels in Kyoto.

10. Travel Tips

Itineraries

The ideal number of days to spend in Kyoto depends on your interests and how much time you have available. Check out our recommended Kyoto itineraries for different durations to help you plan the perfect Kyoto trip.

•  1 Day Itinerary in Kyoto
•  2 Days Itinerary in Kyoto
•  3 Days Itinerary in Kyoto
• 5 Days in Kyoto

Essential Planning

• Avoiding Crowds
  In general, try to avoid the midday rush by visiting major attractions early in the day or later in the afternoon. Popular spots tend to be less crowded in the early mornings and right before closing.
• Consider off Season Travel Peak Seasons
  The most crowded times to visit Kyoto are during the cherry blossom season and the autumn foliage season. Try to visit during the off-season (winter or summer), when fewer tourists are in town, for a more relaxed experience.
• Secure a reservation early
  Kyoto can be quite busy, especially during the peak seasons. Booking your accommodation early will ensure you have a place to stay at your preferred location, whether in the central area (near Kyoto Station) or traditional distri
• cts like Gion or Higashiyama.
• Language
  While many people in Kyoto speak some English, it’s helpful to learn a few basic Japanese phrases.
• Cash
  Japan is still largely a cash-based society, so carry yen for smaller shops and temples.

Cultural Etiquette

• Appropriate Behavior
  Kyoto values its cultural traditions, often calls for behaving respectfully and maintaining quietness in public spaces, particularly in temples, shrines, and other religious places, as well as on public transportation.
• Photography rules
  Always ask for permission before taking photos, especially in places where it might be restricted, like within temples or sacred halls.
• Queueing
  In Kyoto, like the rest of Japan, standing in line is an essential part of public behavior. Be sure to wait your turn at bus stops, train stations, and even when getting into elevators.

Practical Information

• Tourist information centers
  Tourist information centers provide travel information in multiple languages as well as Wi-Fi rental, wheelchair rental, and baggage delivery. For the locations of tourist information centers in Kyoto, please visit Kyoto City Official Travel Guide
• Emergency contacts
  English-speaking assistance can sometimes be challenging to find, but hotels, stations, and some major attractions have staff who can help or call for help.
• Emergency Numbers
  Police: 110
  Ambulance or Fire: 119
• SIM Cards and Pocket Wi-Fi
  You can buy a prepaid Japanese SIM card at the airport or convenience stores. There are various data packages available, so choose one based on your needs. Renting a pocket Wi-Fi device is another popular option for staying connected while on the go. This can be reserved online before your trip.
• Free Wi-Fi
  Many cafes, restaurants, and shopping malls offer free Wi-Fi, but it may not always be reliable.
• ATMs
  You can withdraw cash from ATMs at banks and convenience stores like 7-Eleven, FamilyMart and Lawson. International bank cards are usually accepted.

This comprehensive Kyoto guide covers a curated list of recommended destinations and attractions around Kyoto, highlighting its rich culture, historic sites, natural beauty, and activities to enjoy. You can explore more details of each place on the list with provided link to including specific locations and experiences!

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